His analysis resulted in the introduction of half-integral quantum numbers to account for molecular rotation.
2.
The low-symmetry monoclinic form is observed when molecular rotation is locked by temperature or strain.
3.
His studies of the influence of molecular rotation and vibration on the angular distribution of lifetimes for atomic and molecular states.
4.
Molecular rotation and vibration spectra were understood and the electron's spin was discovered, leading to the confusion of half-integer quantum numbers.
5.
Molecular rotation occurs in materials containing polar molecules having an electrical dipole moment, with the consequence that they will align themselves in an electromagnetic field.
6.
Dioxygen is a special case as the molecule is paramagnetic so magnetic-dipole-allowed transitions can be observed in the infrared . so that each rotational level is split into three states with total angular momentum ( molecular rotation plus electron spin ) \ mathrm { J \ hbar } \,, J = N + 1, N, and N-1, each J state of this so-called p-type triplet arising from a different orientation of the spin with respect to the rotational motion of the molecule.
7.
Also, for diatomic gases the use of requires that the gas exists in a temperature range high enough that rotational heat capacity is fully excited ( i . e ., molecular rotation is fully used as a heat energy " partition " or reservoir ); but at the same time the temperature must be low enough that molecular vibrational modes contribute no heat capacity ( i . e ., insignificant heat goes into vibration, as all vibrational quantum modes above the minimum-energy-mode, have energies too high to be populated by a significant number of molecules at this temperature ).
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